Khedive ismail biography definition

In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire's distant pashaliks and Vilayet (provinces) were governed through a network of provincial governors, mostly generals holding the non-hereditary title of pasha.

So when a little known solider from Macedonia by the name of Mohammed Ali, son of Ibrahim Aga, rose through rank and file to become Pasha Egypt from 1805 until 1849, he was quite naturally perceived by his peers as yet another ambitious provincial officer on the make.

Like his counterparts in Basra, Aleppo, Bosnia and Cyrenaica, Mohammed Ali was expected to routinely report to his superiors in the Sublime Porte (Ottoman government) in Istanbul as well as contribute a hefty annual tribute to the Sultanic coffers.

This, while making the necessary pledges of allegiance to his benefactor, the great Padishah (Sultan).

But submission and allegiance were not among Mohammed Ali's (17